Ukitoa gramu 10 za dhahabu kwa mfua dhahabu, tutakupa pete ya dhahabu ya gramu 10.44. Je! unajua ni kwa nini tunapata vito vizito zaidi ingawa vinatoa dhahabu kidogo? Je ni nani anafaidika?
Kuna mambo mengi unapaswa kuzingatia wakati unanunua dhahabu.
Chuma ya kipekee
Dhahabu inahitajika sana kwa sababu ni madini yake ya kipekee na upatikanaji wake. Dhahabu imebadilishwa kwa pesa kwa mamia ya miaka, au kutumika badala ya pesa.
Dhahabu ni laini na maridadi. Moja ya sababu za kuongezeka kwa riba ya dhahabu ni kwamba vito vilivyotengenezwa haviwezi kuharibika kwa miaka. Kwa maelfu ya miaka dhahabu imeonekana kuwa chuma ya thamani kubwa zaidi.
Umaarufu sio kila kitu.
Kitu cha pili cha kuzingatia unaponunua dhahabu au kutengeza mapambo ya dhabu ni: Vito vya dhahabu kwa mfano mkufu unagharimu pesa ngapi? Kiasi gani kinakatwa?
Kwa nini utengenezaji wa vito vya dhahabu unapungua? BBC imezungumza na baadhi ya watengenezaji vito na wamiliki wa maduka ya dhahabu na huu ndio ushauri wao.
1. Ni dhahabu gani bora?
Ubora au usafi wa dhahabu hupimwa katika mfumo wa karati 0 hadi 24. Karati 24 ya dhahabu inamaanisha kuwa ni safi kwa aslimia 99.99. Ina kiasi kidogo cha chuma nyingine. Dhahabu ya karati 24 ni dhaifu sana kiasi kwamba ni vigumu kutengenezea vito vya mapambo. Madini nyingine kama vile shaba, fedha, kadimiamu na zinki huongezwa ili kuifanya iwe ngumu zaidi.
Usafi wa dhahabu umebainishwa kama karati 22 na karati 18 kulingana na asilimia ya madini hizi zikiunganishwa. Dhahabu ya karati 22 inamaanisha kuwa ina asilimia 91.6 ya dhahabu na asilimia 8.4 ya madini nyingine. Pia karati 18 ina maana kwamba dhahabu ina usafi wa asilimia 75 na madini nyingine asilimia 25
Dhahabu haizidi asilimia 58.5 kwa karati 14, asilimia 50 kwa karati 12 na asilimia 41.7 kwa karati 10. Vito vya dhahabu hutengenezwa kwa dhahabu karati 22.
2. Dhahabu ya uwekezaji ni dhahabu ya karati 24
Ili kutengeneza vito vya mapambo na dhahabu ya karati 24, unahitaji kuchanganya madini kadhaa kama shaba, cadmium, zinki na fedha ndani yake. Ikiunganishwa inaitwa dhahabu ya karati 22.
Gramu 100 za dhahabu ya karati 22 zinapaswa kuwa na gramu 91.6 za dhahabu safi na gramu 8.4 zilizobaki za chumai nyingine. Pia inajulikana kama 916 KDM Gold au 91.6 KD Gold. Wale wanaotaka kuwekeza kwenye dhahabu watanunua dhahabu ya karati 24.
Ikiwa dhahabu ya karati 18 ina sehemu 18 za pauni .. kutakuwa na sehemu sita za madini nyingine. Pia, dhahabu karati 14 ina asilimia 58.3 ya dhahabu na asilimia 41.7 ya madini mengine.
Karati kumi za dhahabu zinapatikana pia. Hata hivyo, rangi ya kujitia dhahabu inategemea kiasi gani cha chuma chochote kinachanganywa katika dhahabu. Usafi wa dhahabu umedhamiriwa na mng'ao, mng'ao na rangi yake. 24 karati dhahabu inang'aa. Dhahabu ya karati 22 ni nyepesi kidogo na nyeusi kidogo. Dhahabu hubadilisha rangi kulingana na madini inayounganishwa na dhahabu.
3. Kushuka kwa thamani ni nini?
Wale wanaotengeneza mapambo kwa dhahabu, au kununua vito vilivyotengenezwa tayari, huuliza juu ya bei ya dhahabu pamoja na kushuka kwa thamani na mishahara. Wakati wa kutengeneza vito vya dhahabu ... Dhahabu hupungua kwa kiwango kidogo katika mchakato wa kurusha, kuyeyusha, kupiga nyundo, kugeuza nyuzi kwenye masheni, kutengeneza miundo, na kung'arisha katika hatua mbalimbali.
Kwa mfano... Iwapo pete itatengenezwa kwa gramu 10 za dhahabu yenye thamani ya laki 50, mshahara utakuwa miligramu 200 za gharama za utengenezaji na chini ya makato mengine miligramu 200, ambayo ni jumla ya miligramu 400. Tutapunguza kiasi hiki.
Kuna uwezekano wa miligramu 70 ya bidhaa hiyo kupotea kwenye gramu 10. Baada ya hapo, miligramu 15 hadi 30 za dhahabu hupotea kwa namna moja au nyingine wakati wa kusafisha na kung'arisha mara ya mwisho.
Hivyo pete ya wastani inapoteza hadi miligramu 200 katika hatua mbalimbali za mchakato wa utengenezaji.
4. Ni dhahabu kiasi gani iko kwenye vito vya dhahabu?
Gramu kumi za pete mahususi ya 22kdm, yaani 22k gramu kumi za dhahabu hugharimu Sh. Tuseme vidole 50. Inagharimu Sh. 2,000 za dhahabu zitatumika. Hiyo ina maana kwamba mtengenezaji huchukua miligramu 400 za dhahabu.
Karibu miligramu 200 hupotea wakati wa utengenezaji wa pete. Miligramu 200 inayobakia inagharamia mshahara na uundaji. Vito vilivyotengenezwa na mtengenezaji na kupewa mteja vina gramu 9.6 tu za dhahabu. Thamani yake ni Sh. 48,000 / -. Lakini uzito wake ni gramu 10.44 tu.
Kumaanisha, gramu 10 grams ya dhahabu inaunda vito vya dhahabu vya gramu 10.44. Inajumuisha asilimia 96 ya dhahabu na asilimia 8.4 ya chuma nyingine.
5. Je, mteja anaweza kudanganywa wapi?
Imetengenezwa na sonara, inagharimu takriban miligramu 400 chini kwa gramu 10, moja kwa moja kwenye duka, kwa ujira. Hata hivyo, uwezekano wa udanganyifu ni sawa katika kesi ya miundo na vito ambapo vito ni vya thamani
Made by a jeweler, it costs about 400 milligrams less per 10 grams, directly in stores, for wages. However, the possibility of fraud is the same in the case of designs and jewelery where stonework is high.
Uzito wa mawe katika kujitia pia umeonyeshwa kwa dhahabu. Mawe zaidi ndani yake, kuna uwezekano mkubwa wa kudanganya. Usidanganye ikiwa hautambui. Ikiwa mapambo ya mawe yana uzito wa gramu 20 na ina gramu tano za mawe, basi uzito wa mawe unaweza pia kuhesabiwa kwa bei ya dhahabu.
The weight of the stones in the jewelry is also shown in gold. The more stones in it, the more likely it is to cheat. Do not cheat if you do not realize it. If an ornament of stones weighs 20 grams and contains five grams of stones, then the weight of the stones can also be calculated in terms of the price of gold.
Those stones are counted as gold and marketed at a discounted price, with no manufacturing charge, or a very low depreciation and manufacturing cost. The offers made are nothing big compared to the rest of the stones. Inlaid stones in gold jewelery can cost from Rs.10 to a maximum of Rs.2000. Even so, owning one is still beyond the reach of the average person. The same discounts, no manufacturing charges, are not given in the case of stained glass, stiff rings, and gold jewelry without design work. Can not give.
6. What happens to lost gold in the waste stage?
In addition to the 200 milligrams of gold that jewelers use to make jewelry, another 200 milligrams is lost at various stages of manufacturing. Gold is melted at a thousand degrees centigrade during molding. Something is missing there. Also, small amounts of invisible gold at various stages can be found in the form of silver in the work area.
But it is very difficult to get. There are people who get it in different forms. The clay or waste from the gold jewelry making area is bought by some who come from China once every three months. In an 8x8 foot jewelry store, 200 milligrams of gold can be found by roasting, soaking, drying, spraying, and filtering the clay in three months. There is no guarantee though. But to get at least 200 milligrams of gold from clay, one has to spend at least Rs. 600 will have to be invested.
7. How to trust 22 carat gold?
22 carat gold is the most suitable gold for making jewelery. However, to some extent other metals are added to it. And how to believe it? This is where the hallmarking we often hear about gold jewelry comes in handy.
Hallmarking is the process of determining the exact percentage of any precious metal and stamping it officially. This also applies to gold. Hallmarking guarantees the purity of precious metal objects in most countries. Its main purpose is to protect the public from adulteration and to enable manufacturers to adhere to legal standards.
Hallmark is licensed by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BSI) in Chennai. All licensed gold shopkeepers can affix the hallmark. It is a crime to sell any jewelry without a hallmark. Hallmarking on any piece of jewelery costs Rs. 50 to Rs. Up to Rs 100, if you want a certificate for it, another Rs. 60 are taken in addition.
22k 916 for 22 carats, 19k 750 for 18 carats and 14k 585 for 14 carat gold. Hallmarking also includes gold purity number and year of manufacture.
8. Can gold be tested with acid?
Buyers can test the purity and quality of the gold jewelry they buy. There are small tips for that. Carefully observe the edges of the ornament first. If it is discolored or faded, it should be understood that it is not genuine gold, but gold-plated.
Apart from copper, zinc and silver, iron is also added to jewelery to make it heavier. That is why jewelry can be tested with a magnet. If there is iron the jewelry will stick to the magnet.
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